As bankers begin from tomorrow to strategise on how to meet the new capital structure prescribed by the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, on the eve of the Easter holiday, feelers from stakeholders in the nation’s financial sector point to huge discomfort with certain provisions of the new policy.
Our findings show that the policy effectively excluded banks’ retained earnings, amounting to about N3.85 trillion, from the composition of minimum capital requirements. Consequently, this has generated controversy among banking and investment analysts.
While announcing the new minimum requirement for banks, the CBN in a statement, last Thursday, said, “The minimum capital shall comprise paid-up capital and share premium only”, thus excluding retained income (earnings) and other components of banks’ shareholders funds, making it difficult for most banks to meet the requirements.
While the Paid-up capital is the nominal value of shares issued by bank (mostly pegged at 5 kobo per share) and paid for by shareholders, the Share Premium is the difference between what the shareholders paid for each share and the nominal value of each share.
However, the retained income of banks is profit which was not distributed to shareholders. Reports from our newsmen show that the top five banks and bank holding companies, have retained incomes of N3.39 trillion, which represents 88 per cent of the combined retained income of the top ten banks. Based on their latest financial statements, the retained income of the top banks are: Zenith Bank with N893.9 billion; UBA, N750 billion; Access Corporation, parent company of Access Bank, N715.13 billion; and FBN Holdings, parent company of FirstBank, N608 billion. If the new policy had not excluded retained earnings, these four banks would have been sitting comfortably above the policy threshold, while GTHoldco, the parent company of GTBank, at N424 billion, would also be on the verge of meeting the threshold.
Other banks with significantly high retained earnings are Union Bank, N147.88 billion; Fidelity Bank, N115.8 billion; and FCMB Group, owners of First City Monument Bank with N110.1 billion. Faulting the decision of the CBN to exclude the huge retained income of banks from the minimum capital requirements, a Chartered Accountant and the Managing Partner of Ecovs OUC Nigeria, Andrew Uviase, said: “I don’t think it is fair because if someone has money and he is not using it, then why will you prevent the person from using it, the retained earnings to meet arising obligation?. It is not fair.
“Except it is any other reserve that is not born out of trading activities like if you are talking about revaluation reserves or any other artificial reserve. But if it is retained earnings that somebody earned, would the banks have been better off spending that money and bringing it back. Because you have the right to capitalise retained earnings by issuing bonus shares, you can use it for so many things. “If the banks feel so strongly about it, they should pay out the retained earnings and reinvest it. ‘’You pay out the dividend with the understanding among the major shareholders that if you get this money you are going to reinvest it. You deplete your retained earnings and enhance your capital.”
Making the same suggestion, investment banker and a stockbroker, Tajudeen Olayinka, said: “ We still have to await further clarifications on this issue. Except it is completely forbidden by the circular or by any other directive of CBN, a bank can still follow the route of issuing stock dividend at market to pay for rights from its current earnings. “This settles the CBN’s focus on paid-up and share premium conditions.
The company maintains its current valuation but would have its earnings diluted, as more shares are now issued against current valuation. “However, a combination of stock dividend and share reconstruction could settle the potential earnings dilution if done simultaneously. Now, if CBN says no to this route, it follows therefore, that the intention is more economic than a mere fresh capital raising.
In line with Basel III
However, a former Director, Trade and Exchange Department, CBN, said the exclusion of the banks’ retained income from the minimum capital requirement is in line with global best practices based on the requirement of the Basel III international standard for banking regulation.
The former director also averred that the CBN should not allow banks use their retained income in any way to comply with the new minimum capital requirement stressing this will compromise the recapitalisation exercise. Speaking anonymously to financial journalists, the CBN former director highlighted major reasons for the exclusion of retained incomes. “The first is for risk assessment. The CBN aims to ensure that banks have a robust capital base to absorb potential losses and avoid systemic shocks.
“By excluding retained earnings, which can be volatile due to business cycles and other factors (such as profits that may arise from Exchange Rate Gains and can also be affected greatly by exchange losses), the focus remains on more stable core capital components, which are Paid up Capital and Share Premium. ‘’The second reason is to ensure quality of banks’ capital. “Retained earnings represent accumulated profits over time.
However, their quality may vary. Some retained earnings might be tied to risky assets or speculative ventures or volatile exchange gains. ‘’By excluding them, the CBN emphasizes higher quality capital components and ensures a level playing field for all banks. ‘’Furthermore, the Core Capital can also more easily be compared to those of foreign banks. “Another reason is for transparency and comparability. Excluding retained earnings simplifies capital calculations and enhances transparency. It ensures consistency across banks and facilitates meaningful comparisons. “Finally is the need for the CBN to align with Basel III standards. The CBN’s guidelines align with international standards (Basel III). These standards emphasize core capital elements (such as paid-up capital and share premium) to enhance financial stability. ‘’Hence the minimum capital base for banks operating in Nigeria will now be Paid-up capital plus share premium.” Also taking side with the decision of the CBN to exclude banks’ retained income, a Communications/ Economy analyst, Clifford Egbomeade stressing that the decision of the CBN will ensure a more accurate assessment of banks’ financial positions. He said: “With the separation of the new capital base from shareholders’ funds and focusing solely on share capital and share premium, the CBN aims to streamline financial reporting and ensure a more accurate assessment of banks’ financial positions.”
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Recapitalisation positive for economy
Meanwhile, investment analysts have said the banking recapitalisation will impact positively on the economy, especially in terms of enhancing foreign investment into the country, boosting Naira appreciation, while also prompting mergers and acquisition as well as attracting more pension funds into equity investment. Nnamdi Nwizu, Co- Founder of Commercio Partners, an investment bank, said: “It looks like the whole idea is to ensure fresh capital injection. I think the economy is well positioned to fund the needs. It’s time we see the Pension Funds allocate more capital to equities. We also expect to see a lot of foreign portfolio investors, FPI’s coming to invest in the banks.
“I expect to see M&As, either the smaller banks coming together or bigger banks acquiring those smaller ones. It is almost inevitable.” Also projecting increased foreign investment, Group Head, Global Markets at Parthian Partners, Ronke Akinyemi, said: “The new bank recapitalization requirements by the CBN is a step in the right direction as it will eventually result in a more robust financial system. “Though steep, we believe the time frame given will allow room for the current banks to meet the requirements before the deadline. “Ultimately, we envision that this new recapitalization requirement will result in increased foreign direct investments which will in turn help to stabilize the naira.
“Thus, we expect to see rounds of capital raises, especially, with the restrictions of the capital requirement to share capital and share premium. “In addition, we envisage that there will be mergers between tier 1&2 banks and also among tier 2 banks to meet these new requirements.” In the same vein, the immediate past President Chartered Institute of Stockbrokers, CIS, Olatunde Amolegbe, said , “As it were limiting it to just share capital and share premium means most of the tier 1 and 2 banks will be short of minimum capital requirements by an average of 45% and will need to raise fresh capital or downgrade to lower licensing levels. An estimate says that if all the banks were to meet the requirements then they will need to raise an aggregate of about N2t within the next two years.
”While I believe our market has the capacity to provide this capital whether some of the banks on a standalone basis makes sound investments is a different matter entirely. I suspect we are likely to see some mergers amongst the tier 3 banks particularly.” Emphasizing the need for the banks sto start shopping for foreign investors with deep pockets, Uviase, Managing Partner of Ecovis OUC in his recommendations to the banks, said: “There is a time frame for meeting the new minimum share capital. It is not overnight. You have to start the process now, start early enough. “You can start looking for investors, you can start looking for people who will do business with you and have the same thinking with you.
“The immediate thing is you have to enhance the ownership structure, so that it is no longer owned by one or two persons. “You have to also look for international investors, people who have the deep pocket to bring in foreign currency so that when you convert, you will have enough money. “And then they also have to begin to look at how they can enhance their public image and investors’ confidence so that people can be willing to invest. “And then they also have the option of the ones who can stand on their own to come together. That will trigger another round of mergers and acquisition among the small banks.’’